Cardinal Dominique Joseph Mathieu, O.F.M. Conv., Archbishop of Tehran-Ispahan of the Latins (Iran), was born on 13 June 1963 in Arlon, Belgium. After his high school studies, he entered the Order of Friars Minor Conventual. He gave his solemn vows in 1987 and was ordained a priest on 24 September 1989. Since 2013 he has been incardinated in the Provincial Custody of the East and of the Holy Land. Within his Order, he has held various offices: vocational promoter, secretary, vicar and provincial minister of the Belgian province of the Friars Minor Conventual, becoming delegate general after the unification with the province of France, rector of the National Shrine of Saint Anthony of Padua in Brussels and director of the related Confraternity. He has also served as president of two different non-profit associations linked to the presence of the Friars Minor Conventual in Belgium, with roles of responsibility in the Catholic school of Landen. He has been president of the Central European Federation of the Friars Minor Conventual and member of the International Commission for the Economy of his Order. He transferred to Lebanon in 2013, to the Provincial Custody of the East and the Holy Land, where he has served as custodial secretary, formator, master of novices and rector of postulants and candidates. Since 2019 he has held the offices of definitor general and general assistant for the Central European Federation of the Friars Minor Conventual. On 8 January he was appointed archbishop of Tehran-Ispahan, in Iran, receiving episcopal consecration the following 16 February.

Created and proclaimed Cardinal by Pope Francis in the consistory of 7 December 2024 of the Title of S. Giovanna Antida Thouret.